Amakuru

Umugore yerekana inoti n'ibiceri bikubiye mu mwaka wa 2019 w'uruhererekane rwa gatanu rw'amafaranga. [Ifoto / Xinhua]

Ifaranga rigenda ryamamara cyane nk'igikoresho mpuzamahanga cyungurana ibitekerezo, uburyo bwo kuvunja kugira ngo bikemure ibicuruzwa ku isi, aho umubare wacyo mu kwishyura mpuzamahanga wazamutse ugera kuri 3.2 ku ijana muri Mutarama, uca amateka yashyizweho mu 2015. Kandi ifaranga rikunda kuba umutekano. ubuhungiro kubera ihindagurika ryisoko rya vuba.

Ifaranga ryashyizwe ku mwanya wa 35 gusa igihe SWIFT yatangiraga gukurikirana amakuru yishyuwe ku isi mu Kwakira 2010. Ubu, iri ku mwanya wa kane. Ibi bivuze ko ifaranga ryubushinwa inzira mpuzamahanga yateye imbere mubihe byashize.

Nibihe bintu bituma amafranga azamuka cyane nkuburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru kwisi yose?

Icya mbere, umuryango mpuzamahanga muri iki gihe urizera cyane ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, kubera ko ubukungu bw’igihugu bwifashe neza ndetse n’iterambere ryihuse. Mu 2021, Ubushinwa bwageze ku izamuka rya GDP ku gipimo cya 8.1 ku ijana umwaka ushize － hejuru ya 8% gusa byateganijwe n'ibigo by'imari ku isi ndetse n'ibigo bishinzwe amanota, ariko kandi intego ya 6% yashyizweho na guverinoma y'Ubushinwa mu ntangiriro z'umwaka ushize.

Imbaraga z'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa zigaragarira muri GDP muri iki gihugu ingana na tiriyari 114 z'amadorari (miliyoni 18 z'amadolari), ikaba iya kabiri ku isi kandi ikaba irenga 18 ku ijana by'ubukungu bw'isi.

Imikorere ikomeye y’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwayo mu bukungu bw’isi n’ubucuruzi, byatumye banki nkuru n’abashoramari mpuzamahanga kubona umutungo w’amafaranga menshi. Muri Mutarama honyine, umubare w'inguzanyo zikomeye z'Abashinwa zifitwe na banki nkuru ku isi ndetse n'abashoramari ku isi wiyongereyeho miliyari zisaga 50. Kuri benshi muri ayo mabanki nkuru n’abashoramari, ubwiza bw’Ubushinwa bukomeje guhitamo ishoramari.

Mu mpera za Mutarama, amafaranga y’amahanga yose yari afite arenga tiriyoni 2,5.

Icya kabiri, umutungo w'amafaranga wahindutse “ahantu hizewe” ku bigo byinshi by'imari n'abashoramari b'abanyamahanga. Ifaranga ry'Ubushinwa naryo ryagize uruhare mu “stabilisateur” mu bukungu bw'isi. Ntibitangaje kubona ivunjisha ry'ifaranga ryerekanye ko ryazamutse cyane mu 2021, hamwe n’ivunjisha ryayo ku madorari y'Abanyamerika yazamutseho 2,3%.

Byongeye kandi, kubera ko biteganijwe ko guverinoma y'Ubushinwa izatangiza politiki y’ifaranga ridakabije muri uyu mwaka, ububiko bw’ivunjisha bw’Ubushinwa bushobora kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Ibi nabyo byongereye icyizere amabanki nkuru hamwe nabashoramari mpuzamahanga mumafaranga.

Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’imari giteganijwe gusuzuma imiterere n’agaciro by’igitebo cyihariye cyo gushushanya uburenganzira bwo gushushanya muri Nyakanga, biteganijwe ko umubare w’ifaranga w’amafaranga uziyongera mu kuvanga ifaranga rya IMF, bitewe ahanini n’ubucuruzi bukomeye kandi bugenda bwiyongera mu bucuruzi bw’amafaranga kandi Ubushinwa bugenda bwiyongera mu bucuruzi ku isi.

Izi ngingo ntizongereye gusa urwego rw’ifaranga nkifaranga ry’isi yose ahubwo ryanatumye abashoramari mpuzamahanga n’ibigo by’imari byongera umutungo wabo mu ifaranga ry’Ubushinwa.

Mu gihe inzira y’amahanga y’amahanga igenda yiyongera, amasoko mpuzamahanga, harimo ibigo by’imari n’amabanki y’ishoramari, agaragaza icyizere kinini mu bukungu n’ifaranga ry’Ubushinwa. Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa rihoraho, icyifuzo cy’isi yose ku ifaranga nk’uburyo bwo kuvunja, kimwe n’ibigega, bizakomeza kwiyongera.

Akarere kihariye k’ubutegetsi bwa Hong Kong, ikigo kinini cy’ubucuruzi ku bicuruzwa byo mu mahanga ku isi, gikora hafi 76 ku ijana by’ubucuruzi bwo gutuza amafaranga ku isi. Kandi biteganijwe ko SAR izagira uruhare rugaragara muri gahunda y’amahanga mu gihe kiri imbere.