Amakuru

Igishushanyo: Umubare watewe amenyo mubushinwa kuva 2011 kugeza 2020 (ibihumbi icumi)

Kugeza ubu, gutera amenyo byahindutse uburyo busanzwe bwo gusana amenyo. Nyamara, igiciro kinini cyo gutera amenyo cyatumye isoko ryayo ryinjira mugihe gito. Nubwo uruganda rw’amenyo y’imbere mu gihugu R&D n’inganda zitanga umusaruro ziracyafite imbogamizi mu bya tekiniki, bitewe n’impamvu nyinshi nko gushyigikira politiki, guteza imbere ibidukikije, ndetse no kuzamuka kw’ibisabwa, biteganijwe ko inganda z’amenyo y’Ubushinwa zizatera imbere mu buryo bwihuse, kandi ibigo byaho bizihutisha kuzamuka kwabo. no kuzamura ibiciro biri hasi. Ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwo kuvura amenyo bigirira akamaro abarwayi benshi.

Ubushakashatsi bwibikoresho niterambere birashyushye

Gutera amenyo bigizwe ahanini nibice bitatu, aribyo, iyinjizwa ryinjijwe mumyanya yamagufwa ya alveolar kugirango ikore nkumuzi, ikamba ryo kugarura ibintu ryerekanwa hanze, hamwe na abutment ihuza iyimikwa hamwe nikamba ryubugingo binyuze muri amenyo. Mubyongeyeho, mugikorwa cyo gutera amenyo, ibikoresho byo gusana amagufwa nibikoresho byo gusana umunwa akenshi bikoreshwa. Muri byo, ibyatewe ni ibyatewe n'abantu, bifite tekinoroji ihanitse hamwe nibisabwa bya tekiniki, kandi bifite umwanya wingenzi mubigize amenyo.

Ibikoresho byiza byatewe bigomba kugira ibimenyetso biranga umutekano nko kutagira uburozi, kutabikangurira, teratogenicite itari kanseri, hamwe na biocompatibilité nziza, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya kwambara, hamwe nubukanishi.

Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa byatewe mu Bushinwa ahanini birimo titanium ya kane (TA4), Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy na titanium zirconium. Muri byo, TA4 ifite ibintu byiza bifatika, irashobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa kugirango imikorere yatewe mu kanwa, kandi ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura; Ugereranije na titanium yera, Ti-6Al-4V ya titanium alloy ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa no kuyikora, kandi ifite amavuriro menshi, ariko irashobora kurekura umubare muto cyane wa vanadium na ion ya aluminium, bikangiza umubiri wumuntu; Titanium-zirconium alloys ifite igihe gito cyo gusaba kwa muganga kandi kuri ubu ikoreshwa gusa mubicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.

Birakwiye ko tumenya ko abashakashatsi mubice bifitanye isano bahora bakora ubushakashatsi no gushakisha ibikoresho bishya byatewe. Ibikoresho bishya bya titanium (nka titanium-niobium alloy, titanium-aluminium-niobium alloy, titanium-niobium-zirconium alloy, nibindi), bioceramics, hamwe nibikoresho byose hamwe ni ubushakashatsi bwubu. Bimwe muri ibyo bikoresho byinjiye mu cyiciro cy’ubuvuzi kandi bifite ibyifuzo byiza byiterambere.

Ingano yisoko iratera imbere byihuse kandi umwanya ni munini

Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye cyabaye kimwe mu masoko yihuta cyane yo gutera amenyo ku isi. Dukurikije “Raporo y’inganda z’ubuvuzi mu Bushinwa 2020” yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ubuvuzi bwa Meituan na MedTrend hamwe n’ishami ryayo rya Med + Research Institute, umubare w’abatera amenyo mu Bushinwa wiyongereye uva ku 130.000 muri 2011 ugera kuri miliyoni 4.06 muri 2020. Iterambere ry’iterambere ryageze kuri 48% (reba imbonerahamwe irambuye)

Urebye kubaguzi, ikiguzi cyo gutera amenyo gikubiyemo amafaranga yubuvuzi n’amafaranga. Igiciro cyo gutera amenyo imwe kiva ku bihumbi byinshi kugeza ku bihumbi mirongo. Itandukaniro ryibiciro rifitanye isano cyane cyane nibintu nkibikoresho byo gutera amenyo, urwego rw’imikoreshereze y’akarere, n'imiterere y'ibigo by'ubuvuzi. Gukorera mu mucyo ibiciro bitandukanye byo kugabana mu nganda biracyari hasi. Dukurikije imibare ya Firestone, mugushushanya urwego rwibiciro byatewe amenyo mu turere dutandukanye n’ibigo by’ubuvuzi byo mu nzego zitandukanye mu gihugu, ukeka ko impuzandengo y’ikigereranyo cyo gutera amenyo imwe ari 8000 Yuan, ingano y’isoko ry’igihugu cyanjye cyo gutera amenyo mu gihugu cyanjye; terminal muri 2020 ni hafi miliyari 32.48.

Twabibutsa ko ukurikije isi yose, igipimo cyo kwinjira mu isoko ry’amenyo y’igihugu cyanjye kiracyari ku rwego rwo hasi, kandi hari byinshi byo kunonosora. Kugeza ubu, igipimo cyo kwinjira mu menyo y’amenyo muri Koreya yepfo kirenga 5%; igipimo cyo kwinjira mu menyo y’amenyo mu bihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika ndetse no mu turere ahanini biri hejuru ya 1%; mugihe igipimo cyo kwinjiza amenyo mugihugu cyanjye kiracyari munsi ya 0.1%.

Urebye uburyo bwo guhatanira isoko uburyo bwo gushira ibintu byingenzi, muri iki gihe, umugabane w’isoko ryimbere mu gihugu ahanini ukorwa n’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Muri byo, Aototai yo muri Koreya y'Epfo na Denteng ifata igice kirenga icya kabiri cy'umugabane ku isoko bitewe n'ibiciro n'ibyiza byiza; imigabane isigaye ku isoko yiganjemo cyane cyane ibirango by’iburayi n’abanyamerika, nka Straumann w’Ubusuwisi, Nobel ya Suwede, Dentsply Sirona, Han Ruixiang, Zimmer Bangmei n'abandi.

Ibigo byinjira mu gihugu muri iki gihe ntabwo bihanganye kandi ntibirashiraho ikirango cyo gupiganwa, umugabane w’isoko uri munsi ya 10%. Hariho impamvu zibiri zingenzi. Ubwa mbere, ubushakashatsi bwimbere mu gihugu hamwe ninganda ziterambere zimaze igihe gito murwego, kandi ntibabura kwirundanya mubijyanye nigihe cyo gusaba amavuriro no kubaka ibicuruzwa; Icya kabiri, hari itandukaniro rinini hagati yatewe murugo hamwe nibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga mubijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho, uburyo bwo kuvura hejuru hamwe nibicuruzwa bihamye. Kumenyekanisha kwimikwa murugo. Birashobora kugaragara ko igipimo cyibibanza byatewe bigomba kunozwa byihutirwa.

Ibintu byinshi bifasha iterambere ryinganda

Gutera amenyo bifite ibiranga ibicuruzwa byinshi, kandi iterambere ryinganda rifitanye isano rya hafi nurwego rwinjiza umuntu ku giti cye. Mu gihugu cyanjye cyateye imbere mu bukungu mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya mbere, kubera ko umuturage yinjiza amafaranga menshi y’umuturage, umubare w’abinjira mu menyo w’amenyo uri hejuru cyane ugereranije no mu tundi turere. Imibare yaturutse mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare igaragaza ko mu myaka yashize, umuturage w’umuturage uteganijwe kwinjizwa n’umuturage mu gihugu hose yagiye yiyongera gahoro gahoro, kuva ku mafaranga 18.311 muri 2013 ugera ku mafaranga 35,128 mu 2021, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri hejuru ya 8%. Nta gushidikanya ko imbaraga zimbere zitera iterambere ryinganda zatewe amenyo.

Ubwiyongere bwumubare wibigo byubuvuzi bw amenyo nabavuzi b'amenyo bitanga umusingi wubuvuzi kugirango iterambere ryinganda zitera amenyo. Nk’uko igitabo cy’ubuzima cy’ubuzima cy’Ubushinwa kibitangaza, umubare w’ibitaro by’amenyo byigenga mu gihugu cyanjye wiyongereye uva kuri 149 mu 2011 ugera kuri 723 muri 2019, hamwe n’ubwiyongere buri mwaka bwa 22%; muri 2019, umubare w'abakora amenyo n'abaganga bungirije mu gihugu cyanjye wageze ku bantu 245.000, kuva 2016 kugeza 2019, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka wageze kuri 13,6%, ugera ku iterambere ryihuse.

Muri icyo gihe, iterambere ry’inganda zubuvuzi biragaragara ko ryatewe na politiki. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, leta n’inzego z’ibanze zakoze amasoko yo hagati y’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu buvuzi inshuro nyinshi, ibyo bikaba byaragabanije cyane igiciro cy’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi. Muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka, Ibiro bishinzwe amakuru mu Nama ya Leta byakoraga ikiganiro gisanzwe kijyanye n’ivugurura ry’ivugurura ry’amasoko rusange y’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi bifite agaciro kanini. Gahunda yo gutanga amasoko yibanze irakuze. Nkibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini mubijyanye nibikoresho byo munwa, niba gutera amenyo bishyizwe mubikorwa byo gutanga amasoko hagati, hazabaho igabanuka ryibiciro, bizafasha guteza imbere ibyifuzo bisohoka.

Byongeye kandi, iyo amenyo namara gushyirwa mu masoko akomatanyirijwe hamwe, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko ry’amenyo y’imbere mu gihugu, bizafasha ibigo by’imbere mu gihugu kongera umuvuduko w’isoko kandi bitume iterambere ryihuta ry’inganda zinjira mu gihugu.