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Umzobo : Inani lokufakelwa kwamazinyo e-China ukusuka ku-2011 ukuya ku-2020 (amashumi amawaka)

Okwangoku, ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kuye kwaba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulungisa iziphene zamazinyo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso eliphezulu lokufakelwa kwamazinyo ligcine ukungena kwayo kwimarike kuphantsi ixesha elide. Nangona ukufakelwa kwamazinyo asekhaya kwi-R&D kunye namashishini emveliso asajongene neebhotile zobugcisa, eziqhutywa zizinto ezininzi ezinje ngenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, ukuphuculwa kwendalo yezonyango, kunye nokukhula kwemfuno, ishishini laseTshayina lokufakelwa kwamazinyo kulindeleke ukuba lingenise uphuhliso olukhawulezayo, kwaye amashishini asekhaya aya kukhawulezisa ukunyuka kwawo. kunye nokukhuthaza amaxabiso aphantsi. Iimveliso zokufakelwa kwamazinyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinceda izigulane ezininzi.

Uphando lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nophuhliso lushushu

Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo ikakhulu kuqulunqwe ngamacandelo amathathu, angala, ukufakelwa okufakwe kwithambo lethambo le-alveolar ukuze lisebenze njengengcambu, isithsaba sokubuyisela esivezwa ngaphandle, kunye ne-abutment edibanisa ukufakelwa kunye nesithsaba sokubuyisela ngokusebenzisa iintsini. Ukongezelela, kwinkqubo yokufakelwa kwamazinyo, izinto zokulungiswa kwamathambo kunye nezixhobo zokulungiswa kwe-membrane yomlomo zihlala zisetyenziswa. Phakathi kwazo, ukufakelwa kwezinto zokufakelwa kwabantu, kunye nomxholo ophezulu wezobuchwepheshe kunye neemfuno zobugcisa, kwaye zithatha indawo engundoqo ekubunjweni kokufakelwa kwamazinyo.

Izinto ezifanelekileyo zokufakelwa kufuneka zibe neempawu zokhuseleko ezifana nokungabi nabutyhefu, ukungabonakali, i-teratogenicity engeyona i-carcinogenic, kunye ne-biocompatibility egqwesileyo, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye neempawu zoomatshini.

Okwangoku, izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiimveliso zokufakelwa ezidweliswe e-China ikakhulu ziquka i-quaternary pure titanium (TA4), i-Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy kunye ne-titanium zirconium alloy. Phakathi kwabo, i-TA4 inezixhobo ezingcono zezinto eziphathekayo, inokuhlangabezana ngokufanelekileyo neemeko zomsebenzi wokufakelwa komlomo, kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zeklinikhi; Xa kuthelekiswa ne-titanium ecocekileyo, i-Ti-6Al-4V i-titanium alloy inokumelana ne-corrosion engcono kunye ne-machinability, kwaye inezicelo ezininzi zeklinikhi, kodwa inokukhulula inani elincinci kakhulu le-vanadium kunye ne-aluminium ion, ebangela ukulimala emzimbeni womntu; I-Titanium-zirconium alloys inexesha elifutshane lesicelo seklinikhi kwaye okwangoku isetyenziswa kuphela kwiimveliso ezimbalwa ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abaphandi kwiinkalo ezinxulumeneyo bahlala bephanda kwaye behlola izinto ezintsha zokufakelwa. Izinto ezintsha ze-titanium alloy (ezifana ne-titanium-niobium alloy, i-titanium-aluminiyam-niobium alloy, i-titanium-niobium-zirconium alloy, njl.), i-bioceramics, kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo zizo zonke iindawo zophando zangoku. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziye zangena kwinqanaba lesicelo seklinikhi kwaye zilindele uphuhliso oluhle.

Ubungakanani bemarike bukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye indawo inkulu

Okwangoku, ilizwe lam liye laba lelinye lokuthengisa amazinyo akhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi. Ngokwe "2020 China Oral Medical Industry Report" ekhutshwe yi-Meituan Medical kunye ne-MedTrend kunye ne-subsidiary ye-Med+ Research Institute, inani lokufakelwa kwamazinyo e-China linyukile ukusuka kwi-130,000 ngo-2011 ukuya malunga ne-4.06 yezigidi ngo-2020. Izinga lokukhula lifikelele kwi-48% (jonga iinkcukacha kwitshathi)

Ukusuka kumbono womthengi, iindleko zokufakelwa kwamazinyo ikakhulu zibandakanya iifizi zenkonzo yezonyango kunye neemali zezinto eziphathekayo. Ixabiso lokufakelwa kwamazinyo elinye lisuka kumawaka aliqela eyuan ukuya kumashumi amawaka eYuan. Umahluko wamaxabiso unxulumene ikakhulu nezinto ezifana nokufakelwa kwamazinyo, umgangatho wokusetyenziswa kommandla, kunye nobume bamaziko ezonyango. Ukucaca kweendleko ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulwa kushishino kusephantsi. Ngokobalo lwe-Firestone, ngokwenza amanqanaba exabiso okufakelwa kwamazinyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye namaziko ezonyango amanqanaba ahlukeneyo kweli lizwe, kucingelwa ukuba ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokufakelwa kwamazinyo yi-8,000 yuan, ubungakanani bentengiso yokufakelwa kwamazinyo kwilizwe lam. terminal ngo 2020 malunga 32.48 billion yuan.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwimbono yehlabathi, izinga lokungena kwimarike yofakelo lwamazinyo yelizwe lam lisekwinqanaba eliphantsi, kwaye kukho indawo eninzi yokuphucula. Okwangoku, izinga lokungena lokufakelwa kwamazinyo eMzantsi Korea lingaphezulu kwe-5%; izinga lokungena kokufakelwa kwamazinyo kumazwe aseYurophu naseMelika kunye nemimandla ingaphezulu kwe-1%; ngelixa izinga lokungena kokufakelwa kwamazinyo kwilizwe lam lingaphantsi kwe-0.1%.

Ngokwembono yepateni yokhuphiswano lwemarike yofakelo lwemathiriyeli engundoqo, okwangoku, isabelo semarike yasekhaya sithathwa kakhulu ziibrendi ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle. Phakathi kwabo, i-Aototai yaseMzantsi Korea kunye neDenteng ithatha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesabelo semarike ngenxa yexabiso kunye neenzuzo zomgangatho; Inxalenye yemalike eseleyo ithathwa kakhulu ziimpawu zaseYurophu nezaseMelika, ezinje ngoStraumann waseSwitzerland, uNobel waseSweden, uDentsply Sirona, uHan Ruixiang, uZimmer Bangmei et al.

Iinkampani zasekhaya zofakelo ngokwakalokunje azikhuphisani kangako kwaye azikaqalisi uphawu olukhuphisanayo, kunye nesabelo semarike esingaphantsi kwe-10%. Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili. Okokuqala, uphando lwasekhaya lokufakelwa kwamashishini kunye nophuhliso lwamashishini luye lwahlala kwintsimi ixesha elifutshane, kwaye alunakho ukuqokelela ngokwexesha lesicelo seklinikhi kunye nokwakhiwa kwegama; Okwesibini, kukho i-gap enkulu phakathi kokufakelwa kwasekhaya kunye neemveliso eziphuma kumazwe angaphandle eziphezulu ngokubhekiselele kwisicelo sezinto eziphathekayo, inkqubo yonyango lomhlaba kunye nokuzinza kwemveliso. Ukuqatshelwa kokufakelwa kwasekhaya. Ingabonwa ukuba izinga lendawo yokufakelwa kwezinto kufuneka liphuculwe ngokukhawuleza.

Izinto ezininzi ziluncedo kuphuhliso lweshishini

Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kuneempawu zokusetyenziswa okuphezulu, kwaye uphuhliso lwabo lweshishini lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nenqanaba lomvuzo olahlwayo lomntu. Kwilizwe lam eliphuhliswe ngokwezoqoqosho kwizixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala, ngenxa yomvuzo olahlwayo womntu ngamnye wabahlali, izinga lokungena kokufakelwa kwamazinyo liphezulu kakhulu kunezinye iindawo. Idatha evela kwiNational Bureau of Statistics ibonisa ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingeniso yomntu ngamnye elahlayo yabahlali kwilizwe lonke iye yanda ngokuthe chu, ukusuka kwi-18,311 ye-yuan ngo-2013 ukuya kwi-35,128 ye-yuan ngo-2021, kunye nezinga lokukhula ngonyaka elingaphezulu kwe-8%. Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngamandla okuqhuba angaphakathi aqhuba ukukhula koshishino lokufakelwa kwamazinyo.

Ukukhula kwenani lamaziko onyango lwamazinyo kunye nabasebenzi bamazinyo kunika isiseko sonyango ekuphuhliseni ishishini lokufakelwa kwamazinyo. Ngokuka China Health Statistical Yearbook, inani lezibhedlele zamazinyo zabucala kwilizwe lam liye landa ukusuka kwi-149 ngo-2011 ukuya kuma-723 ngo-2019, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka se-22%; ngo-2019, inani labasebenzi bamazinyo kunye noogqirha abancedisayo kwilizwe lam bafikelele kwi-245,000 Abantu, ukusuka ngo-2016 ukuya ku-2019, izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo lifikelele kwi-13.6%, lifikelela ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza.

Ngelo xesha, ukuphuhliswa kweshishini lezonyango ngokucacileyo kuchaphazeleka ngumgaqo-nkqubo. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, urhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekhaya baqhubele phambili ukuthengwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa zonyango ngamaxesha amaninzi, okuye kwanciphisa kakhulu ixabiso lesiphelo sezinto ezidliwayo zonyango. NgoFebruwari kulo nyaka, i-Ofisi yeNgcaciso yeBhunga leSizwe ibambe ingcaciso rhoqo malunga nenkqubela phambili yohlaziyo lokuthengwa kweziyobisi kwindawo enye kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lezinto ezisetyenziswa zonyango. Isicwangciso sokuthenga esisembindini sikhulile. Njengemveliso yexabiso eliphezulu kwintsimi yezixhobo zomlomo, ukuba ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kufakwe kwi-scope of centralized procurement, kuya kubakho ukuhla kwexabiso elibalulekileyo, eliya kunceda ukukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwemfuno.

Ukongeza, xa ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kubandakanyiwe ekuthengeni okuphakathi, kuya kuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwimarike yokufakelwa kwamazinyo yasekhaya, eya kunceda iinkampani zasekhaya ukuba zandise ngokukhawuleza isabelo sabo semarike kwaye zikhuthaze uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lokufakelwa kwamazinyo.