Izindaba

I-XE yatholwa okokuqala e-UK ngoFebhuwari 15 kulo nyaka.

Ngaphambi kwe-XE, sidinga ukufunda ulwazi oluthile oluyisisekelo mayelana ne-COVID-19. Isakhiwo se-COVID-19 silula, okungukuthi, ama-nucleic acid kanye negobolondo lamaprotheni ngaphandle. Iphrotheni ye-COVID-19 ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: iphrotheni yesakhiwo kanye nephrotheni engeyona yesakhiwo (NSP). Amaprotheni esakhiwo ayizinhlobo ezine ze-spike protein S, i-envelope protein E, i-membrane protein M kanye ne-nucleocapsid protein N. Angamaprotheni adingekayo ukuze akhe izinhlayiya zegciwane. Kumaprotheni angewona wesakhiwo, kukhona angaphezu kweshumi nambili. Angamaprotheni afakwe ikhodi yi-genome yegciwane futhi anemisebenzi ethile ohlelweni lokuphindaphinda kwegciwane, kodwa angabophi ezinhlayiyeni zegciwane.

Okukodwa kokulandelana okubaluleke kakhulu okuqondiwe kokutholwa kwe-nucleic acid (RT-PCR) isifunda se-ORF1 a/b esivamile se-COVID-19. Ukuguqulwa kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningana akuthinti ukutholwa kwe-nucleic acid.

Njengegciwane le-RNA, i-COVID-19 ijwayele ukuguquka, kodwa uguquko oluningi alusho lutho. Ezimbalwa zazo zizoba nemiphumela emibi. Izinguquko ezimbalwa kuphela ezingathuthukisa ikhono labo lokubalekela ezithathelwanayo, i-pathogenic noma amasosha omzimba.

Imiphumela yokulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo ibonise ukuthi i-ORF1a ye-XE yayingaphezulu kwe-BA.1 ye-Omicron, kuyilapho enye iphuma ku-Omicron's BA.2, ikakhulukazi ufuzo lwengxenye ye-S protein - okusho ukuthi izici zayo zokudlulisela zingase zisondele ku-BA.2 .

I-BA.2 igciwane elithelelanayo elitholakala eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngokungena kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, sivame ukubheka i-R0, okungukuthi, umuntu onegciwane angakwazi ukuthelela abantu abambalwa ngaphandle kokugonywa nokuvikelwa. Uma iphezulu i-R0, kukhulu ukusuleleka.

Idatha yangaphambili ibonise ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwe-XE laliphakeme kune-BA.2 lenyuke ngo-10%, kodwa idatha yakamuva ibonise ukuthi lesi silinganiso asizinzile. Okwamanje, akukwazi ukunqunywa ukuthi izinga layo eliphezulu lokukhula liyinzuzo elethwa ukuhlelwa kabusha.

Ngaphambilini kukholakala ukuthi okuhlukile okulandelayo okukhulu kungase kutheleleke kakhulu kune-BA.2 yamanje enezinzuzo eziningi, futhi kunzima ukubikezela ngokunembile ukuthi ubuthi bayo buzoshintsha kanjani (ukwanda noma ukuncipha). Njengamanje, inani lalezi zinhlobonhlobo ezintsha aziningi. Akunakwenzeka ukwenza isiphetho sokuthi noma iyiphi yazo ingase ithuthuke ibe yizinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu. Idinga ukubhekwa kabanzi. Kubantu abavamile, asikho isidingo sokwethuka okwamanje. Bhekana nalezi zinhlobo ze-BA.2 noma okungenzeka kabusha, ukugoma kusabaluleke kakhulu.

Ebusweni be-BA enamandla okuphunyuka amasosha omzimba 2. Endabeni yokugoma okujwayelekile (imithamo emibili), izinga elisebenzayo lemithi yokugoma emibili esetshenziswa e-Hong Kong ukuvimbela ukutheleleka lehliswe kakhulu, kodwa isenamandla aqinile. umphumela ekuvimbeleni ukugula okunzima nokufa. Ngemuva kokugoma kwesithathu, ukuvikeleka kwaba ngcono kakhulu.