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Umfanekiso : Inombolo yokufakelwa kwamazinyo e-China kusuka ngo-2011 kuya ku-2020 (amashumi ezinkulungwane)

Njengamanje, ukufakwa kwamazinyo sekuyindlela evamile yokulungisa ukukhubazeka kwamazinyo. Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphezulu zokufakelwa kwamazinyo zigcine ukungena kwayo emakethe kuphansi isikhathi eside. Nakuba i-R&D yasekhaya yokufakelwa kwamazinyo kanye namabhizinisi okukhiqiza zisabhekene nezingqinamba zobuchwepheshe, eziqhutshwa izinto eziningi ezinjengokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo, ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yezokwelapha, kanye nokukhula kwesidingo, imboni yokufakelwa kwamazinyo yaseChina kulindeleke ukuthi ingenise intuthuko ngokushesha, futhi amabhizinisi endawo azosheshisa ukukhula kwawo. futhi sikhuthaze amanani aphansi. Imikhiqizo yokufakelwa kwamazinyo yekhwalithi ephezulu izuzisa iziguli eziningi.

Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyashisa

Izimila zamazinyo ngokuyinhloko zakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu, okungukuthi, ukufakelwa okufakwa esithanjeni sethambo le-alveolar ukuze kusebenze njengempande, umqhele wokubuyisela ovezwa ngaphandle, kanye ne-abutment exhuma ukufakelwa kanye nomqhele wokubuyisela ngokusebenzisa izinsini. Ukwengeza, ohlelweni lokufakelwa kwamazinyo, izinto zokulungisa amathambo kanye nezinto zomlomo zokukhanda i-membrane zivame ukusetshenziswa. Phakathi kwazo, izigxivizo zingezokufakwa komuntu, ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe, futhi zithatha isikhundla esiyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwezimila zamazinyo.

Izinto zokufakelwa ezifanele kufanele zibe nezici zokuphepha njengokungewona ubuthi, ukungazweli, i-teratogenicity engeyona i-carcinogenic, kanye ne-biocompatibility enhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqokwa, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.

Njengamanje, izinto ezisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokufakelwa esohlwini lwase-China ikakhulukazi zifaka i-quaternary pure titanium (TA4), i-Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy ne-titanium zirconium alloy. Phakathi kwazo, i-TA4 inezinto ezibonakalayo ezingcono, ingahlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nezimo zomsebenzi wokufakelwa ngomlomo, futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zomtholampilo; Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-titanium ehlanzekile, i-Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono futhi ikwazi ukusebenza kahle, futhi inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zomtholampilo, kodwa ingase ikhulule inani elincane kakhulu lama-ion e-vanadium ne-aluminium, okubangela ukulimala emzimbeni womuntu; Ama-alloys e-Titanium-zirconium anesikhathi esifushane sokufaka isicelo somtholampilo futhi okwamanje asetshenziswa kuphela emikhiqizweni embalwa engenisiwe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abacwaningi emikhakheni ehlobene bahlala becwaninga futhi behlola izinto ezintsha zokufakelwa. Izinto ezintsha ze-titanium alloy (njenge-titanium-niobium alloy, i-titanium-aluminium-niobium alloy, i-titanium-niobium-zirconium alloy, njll.), i-bioceramics, nezinto eziyinhlanganisela yizo zonke izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu zocwaningo. Ezinye zalezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zingene esigabeni sokusetshenziswa komtholampilo futhi zinezilindelo ezinhle zokuthuthuka.

Usayizi wemakethe ukhula ngokushesha futhi isikhala sikhulu

Njengamanje, izwe lami seliphenduke enye yezimakethe zokufakelwa kwamazinyo ezikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni. Ngokombiko othi "2020 China Oral Medical Industry Report" okhishwe yi-Meituan Medical and MedTrend kanye nenkampani engaphansi kwayo i-Med+ Research Institute, isibalo sokufakelwa kwamazinyo e-China sikhuphuke sisuka ku-130,000 ngo-2011 saya cishe ezigidini ezingu-4.06 ngo-2020. Izinga lokukhula lifinyelele ku-48% (bheka ishadi ukuze uthole imininingwane)

Ngokombono womthengi, izindleko zokufakelwa kwamazinyo ikakhulukazi zifaka izimali zesevisi yezokwelapha kanye nezindleko zempahla. Izindleko zokufakelwa kwamazinyo okukodwa zisukela kumayuan ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuye emashumini ezinkulungwane zamayuan. Umehluko wamanani ikakhulukazi uhlobene nezici ezifana nezinto zokufakelwa kwamazinyo, izinga elisetshenziswayo lesifunda, kanye nemvelo yezikhungo zezokwelapha. Ukungabi sobala kwezindleko zokuhlukaniswa iziqephu embonini kusephansi. Ngokusho kokubala kwe-Firestone, ngokuhlanganisa amazinga entengo okufakelwa kwamazinyo ezifundeni ezahlukene kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha zamazinga ahlukene ezweni, kucatshangwa ukuthi izindleko ezimaphakathi zokufakelwa kwamazinyo okukodwa zingamayuan ayi-8,000, usayizi wemakethe wokufakelwa kwamazinyo ezwe lami. Itheminali ngo-2020 icishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-32.48 zamayuan.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokombono womhlaba wonke, izinga lokungena emakethe yokufakelwa kwamazinyo yezwe lami lisesezingeni eliphansi, futhi maningi amathuba okuba ngcono. Njengamanje, izinga lokungena kwezimila zamazinyo eNingizimu Korea lingaphezu kuka-5%; izinga lokungena kwezimila zamazinyo emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika nasezifundeni zingaphezu kuka-1%; kuyilapho izinga lokungena kokufakelwa kwamazinyo ezweni lami lisengaphansi kuka-0.1%.

Ngokombono wephethini yokuncintisana yemakethe yezinto ezifakwayo ezibalulekile, okwamanje, isabelo semakethe yasekhaya sithathwa ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwazo, i-Aototai yaseNingizimu Korea kanye ne-Denteng bathatha ngaphezu kwengxenye yesabelo semakethe ngenxa yentengo nezinzuzo zekhwalithi; ingxenye esele yemakethe ithathwa kakhulu yimikhiqizo yaseYurophu neyaseMelika, efana noStraumann waseSwitzerland, uNobel waseSweden, uDentsply Sirona, uHan Ruixiang, uZimmer Bangmei et al.

Izinkampani zasekhaya ezifakela izithombo okwamanje azincintisani kangako futhi azikakakhi igama elincintisanayo, nesabelo semakethe esingaphansi kuka-10%. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, amabhizinisi okucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zasekhaya abe senkundleni isikhathi esifushane, futhi awatholi ukuqoqwa ngokuya kwesikhathi sokufaka isicelo somtholampilo kanye nokwakhiwa komkhiqizo; Okwesibili, kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kokufakelwa kwasekhaya kanye nemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ethengwa kwamanye amazwe ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, inqubo yokwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokuzinza komkhiqizo. Ukuqashelwa kokufakelwa kwasekhaya. Kungabonakala ukuthi izinga lokwenziwa kwendawo lezimila lidinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha.

Ziningi izinto ezizuzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni

Izimila zamazinyo zinezimfanelo zokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yabo kuhlobene eduze nezinga lemali engenayo yomuntu siqu etholakalayo. Emadolobheni asezingeni lokuqala athuthukile ngokomnotho wezwe lami, ngenxa yemali engenayo etholakalayo yomuntu ngamunye yabahlali, izinga lokungena kokufakwa kwamazinyo liphezulu kakhulu kunalelo lakwezinye izindawo. Idatha evela ku-National Bureau of Statistics ikhombisa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, imali engenayo etholakalayo yomuntu ngamunye ezweni lonke ikhule kancane kancane, isuka kumayuan ayi-18,311 ngo-2013 yaya kumayuan angama-35,128 ngo-2021, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingaphezu kuka-8%. Lokhu ngokungangabazeki amandla angaphakathi okushayela aqhuba ukukhula kwemboni yokufakelwa kwamazinyo.

Ukukhula kwenani lezikhungo zezokwelapha zamazinyo kanye nodokotela bamazinyo kunikeza isisekelo sezokwelapha sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokufakelwa kwamazinyo. Ngokusho kwe-China Health Statistical Yearbook, isibalo sezibhedlela zamazinyo ezizimele ezweni lami senyuke sisuka ku-149 ngo-2011 saya ku-723 ngo-2019, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-22%; ngo-2019, inani labasebenzi bamazinyo nodokotela abasizayo ezweni lami lafinyelela Abantu abangama-245,000, kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2019, izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lifinyelele ku-13.6%, lazuza ukukhula ngokushesha.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokwelapha ngokusobala kuthinteka inqubomgomo. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ohulumeni bezifundazwe kanye nohulumeni basekhaya benze ukuthengwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwelashwa izikhathi eziningi, okuye kwanciphisa kakhulu intengo yokugcina yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwelashwa. Ngenyanga kaNhlolanja kulo nyaka, iHhovisi Lezokwazisa LoMkhandlu Wombuso libambe umhlangano ojwayelekile mayelana nenqubekelaphambili yokulungiswa kokuthengwa kwezidakamizwa okuyindawo eyodwa kanye nemikhiqizo yokwelapha enenani eliphezulu. Uhlelo lokuthengwa kwempahla oluphakathi nendawo seluvuthiwe. Njengomkhiqizo onenani eliphezulu emkhakheni wezinto ezisetshenziswa ngomlomo, uma izimila zamazinyo zifakiwe kububanzi bokuthengwa kwempahla okumaphakathi, kuzoba nokwehla kwentengo okubalulekile, okuzosiza ukukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwesidingo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izigxivizo zamazinyo sezifakiwe ekuthengeni okuphakathi nendawo, kuzoba nomthelela obalulekile emakethe yasekhaya yokufakelwa kwamazinyo, okuzosiza izinkampani zasekhaya ukuthi zandise ngokushesha isabelo sazo semakethe futhi zigqugquzele intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yokufakelwa kwamazinyo yasekhaya.